orbital speed = 2×Π×orbital radius
time period
v = 2×Π×r
T
v = 2×Π×r
T
v = orbital speed (m/s or km/hr)
r = orbital radius (m or km)
T = orbital period (s or hr)
1.35 Plenary Answers
15 March 2012
10:30
Pearson Answers, p.56, Q3+4
15 March 2012
10:26
· 1.35 use the relationship between orbital speed, orbital radius and time period:
orbital speed = 2×Π×orbital radius
time period
v = 2×Π×r
T
v = 2×Π×r
T
v = orbital speed (m/s or km/hr)
r = orbital radius (m or km)
T = orbital period (s or hr)
1.35 Plenary Answers
15 March 2012
10:30
Pearson Answers, p.56, Q3+4
12 May 2011
14:47
· Type the length of your classroom into cell B5 to get the solar system scaled to fit!
· Check out column U for information about the nearest star to our solar system!
<<scale model.xls>>
Online version
1.36 Plenary Answers
15 March 2012
10:30
1. What is the solar system?
Everything that orbits our local star, the Sun
2. What is the Milky Way?
The galaxy that contains our solar system
3. What is a galaxy?
A huge collection of billions of stars
4. How many galaxies are there in the Universe?
Billions
1.32 and 1.34 Investigating the solar system - answers
16 March 2012
10:26
Moons
1. How are moons different from planets?
Planets orbit the Sun; moons orbit planets
2. The Earth has one moon. Do all planets?
No. Mercury and Venus have no moon, Mars has 2 and Venus and Saturn both have over 60 each!
3. Do moons have gravitational fields?
Yes, any body that has mass generates a gravitational field. The gravitational field strength on our Moon is
1.62N/kg, which is about 1/6 of the gravitational field strength on Earth.
Gravitational fields
4. Which planet has the largest gravitational field? What is it?
Jupiter = 26N/kg
5. Which planet has the smallest gravitational field? What is it?
Mercury = 4N/kg (Pluto doesn't count! See Q.11)
6. What is the relationship between the mass of the planet and the gravitational field strength of the planet?
The larger the mass of a planet, the stronger the gravitational field strength
Period of orbit
7. Which planet has the shortest period of orbit? What is it?
Mercury = 3 x Earth month = 0.25 x Earth year
(if you lived on Mercury you would be over 60 years old!)
8. Which planet has the longest period of orbit? What is it?
Neptune = 1978 x Earth month = 164 x Earth year
(if you lived on Neptune you would be 0.1 years old!)
9. What is the relationship between the period of orbit of a planet and its distance from the Sun?
The larger the distance from the Sun, the greater the period of orbit
10. What is the relationship between the surface temperature of a planet and its distance from the Sun?
The larger the distance from the Sun, the lower the surface temperature
(the one exception to this rule is Venus which has an exceptionally high surface temperature of +465oC due to an atmosphere of 96% CO2 and clouds of H2SO4!)
Classification of astronomical bodies
11. What 2 classifications are the planets grouped into? What are the key features of each group?
4 Inner "rocky" planets
o Rocky
o Smaller diameters
o Shorter periods
4 Outer "gas giant" planets
o Gaseous
o Larger diameters
o Longer periods
o Have rings (most noticeable for Saturn, but they all have them)
o What are 2 key features of comets and 3 key features of their orbits?
i. Made from ice and dust
ii. Have a tail when they pass close to the Sun
i. Highly elliptical orbit - see blue trace.
o Sometimes pass close to the Sun at very high speeds but spend most of their orbit in the outer reaches of the solar system moving at much lower speeds
iii. Periods can be from a few years to hundreds of thousands of years
13. How do the orbits of asteroids differ from the orbits of comets?
Asteroids are lumps of rock that mostly orbit the Sun in the "Asteroid Belt", between Mars and Jupiter, in approximately circular orbits
14. Which planet in the animation is no longer a planet? (it has been reclassified as a planetoid or dwarf planet)
Pluto was reclassified as a planetoid or dwarf in 2006 for reasons including its highly elliptical and tilted orbit
PhET animation - my solar system
31 January 2012
13:34
<<my-solar-system_en.jar>>
PhET animation - gravity and orbits
31 January 2012
13:34
<<gravity-and-orbits_en.jar>>
Website
http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/gravity-and-orbits
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Substances that conduct heat (allow heat to pass through them) very well -conductors of heat
Ratio of the useful work done by a machine to the total energy input, often written as a percentage.-efficiency
A push or a pull, measured in Newtons (N)- force (F)
The force that resists when you try to move something. The direction of the friction force is always in the opposite direction to the motion.-friction
The force of gravity on a mass of one kilogram. The unit is Newtons per kilogram. The value of g on Earth is 10N/kg-gravitational field strength (g)
Objects have more gravitational potential energy when they are higher up in the Earth's gravitational field. GPE = mgh-gravitational potential energy (GPE)Substances that do not conduct heat very well-insulators of heat-insulators of heatThe unit of energy. One joule is the energy transferred if we push an object with a 1 Newton force for 1 metre. 1 J = 1 Nm.-Joule (J)
Moving objects have kinetic energy. Fast, massive objects have more kinetic energy than slow, light objects KE = ½ m v2-kinetic energy (KE)Energy cannot be created or destroyed. Also known as “The Principle of Conservation of Energy”-law of energy, first
Some energy always becomes unusable whenever energy is transferred. Shown by the fact that some energy is always wasted as heat during an energy transfer-law of energy, second
Amount of energy transferred every second. The energy can be transferred from somewhere (e.g. a power station) or to somewhere (e.g. an electric kettle). Power = energy transferred / time taken. P = E / t.-Power (P)
Force of gravity on a mass. W = m x g. The unit of weight is the Newton.-Weight (W)
Energy transferred when a job is done. Work = force x distance moved in direction of force. Wd = F x d.-Work (Wd or E)
